Using Flatpaks
On computers managed by Technology Services - Engineering, Flatpaks offer users a way to install some desktop applications without the need for root access to the machine. Some popular applications available as Flatpak applications include Visual Studio Code, Spotify, Slack, and VLC.
What are Flatpaks?
Flatpaks are prebuilt applications for Linux distributions that come bundled with the necessary libraries that allow them to run. Flatpak applications are built upon various runtimes that can coexist without causing library conflicts. Some Flatpaks are sandboxed so that they run isolated from the rest of your system. Permissions required by Flatpak applications are presented to the user at the time of installation, so if an application requires permission the user does not want to grant it, they can choose to abort the installation before the application is installed.
Security Considerations for Flatpaks
Not all Flatpak applications are sandboxed, and even some that are sandboxed still request permission to write to your home directory. As a result, you should take care when installing a Flatpak application to ensure that you fully trust the developer of the program itself, and the maintainer of the Flatpak application.
While the Flathub administrators prefer that Flatpak applications distributed through their repository be authored by the program’s original author(s), that is not always the case. Some Flatpak applications are community-maintained. Before installing a Flatpak from Flathub, you can check who has contributed to it from the applications page of Flathub. Near the bottom of the page for every application page on the Flathub website is an “Additional Information” section.
Clicking on the “See details” link (under Publisher) will take you to the GitHub repository that Flathub uses to build Flatpak applications before distributing. The page the link takes you to will list all contributors to the Flatpak build of the program.
Before installing a Flatpak, be mindful of who created it and whether or not it is likely to be safe.
Setting Up Flathub
Most Flatpak applications are installed from Flathub. To get started with Flatpaks, you’ll need to add the Flathub repository.
flatpak remote-add --user --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepoSearching for Applications
Once the Flathub repository is added, you can search for Flatpak applications in one of two ways.
Using flatpak search
Using the Flatpak command in the terminal you can search for applications by name.
flatpak search <application name>The command will return a list of application IDs (which are necessary when specifying a package to install), as well as the remote repository they are from and a description of the application. Below is an example output when searching for Slack.
Flathub Website
The Flathub repository maintains a website at flathub.org which includes a full, searchable interface for all applications available from Flathub.
After clicking on an application to go to its page, there will be instructions at the bottom for the command to run to install the application. Below is an example from the bottom of the Slack webpage on Flathub.
Installing Flatpak Applications
When installing a Flatpak application, you will need to know the “Application ID” to tell Flatpak which application to install. Installations will follow the format:
flatpak install <remote> <application ID>
In almost all situations you will use Flathub for the remote repository you install Flatpak applications from. Application IDs can be found either by searching for the application with the command flatpak search or by using the Flathub website. More details are found above.
An example for installing Slack from Flathub would be:
Updating Flatpak Applications
Flatpak applications can be updated with the flatpak command. Running the following command will check for updates and install any if they are found:
Running Flatpak Applications
Flatpak applications should appear in the regular application menus of your desktop once they are installed. If you are unable to find them, or would rather run them from the command line, you can run them with the command:
The application ID used here is the same as you used to install the Flatpak application from Flathub. As an example, to run slack with the flatpak command, you would run:
Uninstalling Flatpak Applications
To uninstall a Flatpak application you first need to know the application ID of the application. You can find this by running the command:
This command lists all Flatpak applications and runtimes currently installed for your user. Once you identify the application or runtime you wish to remove, you can run the command: